In chemistry for tri 1 this year, you'll learn about water, molecules, atom, element, and some characteristic about chemical. Given a story about fish kill, you learn more about water and try to figure out what the cause of the fish kill was. Near the end of the tri you and your group/class will determine what it was that cause the fish kill to die.

Foul Water
Water Cycle (hydrological cycle)
Atoms
Definition to Know
Flow Chart

At the begining of Chemistry, you'll learn about direct and indirect use of water.

• Direct-water use to drink,cook,shower,etc...primary
• Indirect-water used to produce goods...secondary

  Foul Water

Your 1st lab will be the Foul Water lab. In the Foul Water lab, all you simply have to to do is clean the water using the equipment your teacher has provided for you. This lab may take the whole hour, so it's best for you to start right away. Follow the steps your teacher gives you carefully, and you'll be done without a fail.
Purpose to the lab:To purify a sample of the foul water or to produce as much clean water as possible.

During this lab you will have to record your observation in table.
Example of how your table may look like:

Data table	Volume (mL)	Color	Clarity	Odor	Presence of Oil	Presence of Solids
Before Treatment	97mL	brown yellowish	translucent	intense,garlic	yes	yes
After oil-water seperation	85mL	yellowish	translucent	garlic	some	some
After sand filtration	85mL	light dull brown	translucent	none	none	none
After charcoal adsorption and filtration	77mL	very light yellow clear	almost clear	none	none	none

3 types of filtration to know
• Sand filtration-seperate out solids
• Charcoal Adsorption-remove bad taste,odor,color
• Oil/water seperation-seperates liquid w/ different densites, such as oil

Something to know:
Distillation takes the longest and cost the most to purify water. Least practical for purifying a city's water supply.

Water cycle-repeating process of rainfall, runoff, evaporation, and condensation that continously circulate water Earth crust & atmosphere.

4 Steps of the Water Cycle
• Evaporation-Change of substance from liquid to gaseous state
• Condensation-conversion of a substance from the gaseous to liquid or solid state
• Precipitation-when rains/snow fall after condensation
• Collection-water is gather in the ground and filter to the ocean,river,pond, lake,and swamp...

Only some of these words you need to remember. All of these words will be mention in chemistry.
• mixture-results of 2 or more substances combine yet retain their individual properties
• heterogeneous mixture-composition isn't the same or uniform throughout
• Suspension-particles are large enough to settle out & can be seperated by using a filter
• colliod-mixture containing solid particles that are small enough to be suspended
• dissolves-the process of a solute interacting w/ a solvent to form a solution
• homogeneous mixture-a mixture that is uniform throughout
• solutions-homogeneous mixtures of 2 or more mixtures
• solute-dissolved substance, small quantity
• solvent-dissolving agent, large quantity
• atoms-smallest particles possessing the property of an element
• element-matter made up of only one kind of atom
• compound-a substance composed of atoms of 2 or more elements linked together chemically infixed proportion
• pure substance-uniform & definite composition as well as a distinct property
• molecule-smallest unit of pure substance that retains the properties of that substance
• chemical bonds-force that holds atoms/ions together within a substance
• Chemical symbol-abbreviation of name of chemical element
• Chemical formula-symbolic expression that represent element in substance, w/ subscript indicating relative #s of atoms of each element
• subscript-character point below line of type & used to indicate # of atom of given element in the chemical formula
• Chemical equations-symbolic expression that summarizes a chemical
• Chemical reactions-formation of new substance from reactants:involve breaking and forming of a chemical bond
• reactants-starting substance in a chemical reaction
• productssubstance produce in a chemical reaction
• diatomic molecules-molecule made up of 2 atoms
• ionic compound-substance composed of positive & negative ions
• ion-electrically charged atoms/groups of atoms
• cation-positively charged ion
• PA ion(polyatomic ion)ion containing 2 or more atoms
• anion-negatively charged ion
• confirming test-laboratory test that can confirm the presence of particular chemical species (ion)
• precipitate-insoluble solid substance that has seperated from a solution
• reference solution-solution of known composition used as a comparison in chemcal test
• control-sample known not to contain the ion
• qualitative test-one that identifies the presence or absence of a particular substance in a sample
• polar-uneven distribution of electrical charge
• heavy metals-atoms that have greater mass than masses of essential metallic element
• green chemistry-improve industrial chemical products & make production less hazardous to human health/environment
• pH-a convient way to measure and report the acidic, basic, or chemically neutral character of a solution
• Acid-have 1 or more hydrogen atoms(H+) that can be released easily in water, 1-6 on scale
• Base-ionic substance that can include hydroxide ions (OH-) in their structure, 8-14 on scale
• molecular substance-substance composed of molecules such as H2O+CH4
• electronegatively-expression of the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons within a chemical bond

  top

  ---

  Flow Chart

  Matter
  /		\
  Substances		Mistures
  / \		/ \
  Elements	Compounds	Homogeneous	Heterogeneous

  ---

  top

  Atoms

  Atoms

  3 Main parts of an atom:
  • Electron-Negative charges
    Location:electroncloud
    Amount of Electron is = to the atom's #
  • Proton-Positive charges
    Location:Nucleus
    Amount of Protron is = to the Atomic #
  • Neutron-Neutral charges
    Location:Nucleus
    Amount of Neutron =Mass # minus(-) the Atomic #

  ---

  A Solution for the Fish Kill: Before the end of Chemistry tri 1, each classes will have to come up with a cause for the fish kill. In my class our reason for the cause of fish kill was the mining company and the power plant company. Each class in chemistry might've came up with different reasons to the fish kill. Our reasoning why we blame the mining company is because of the amount of lead found in the water. We also blame the power plant company because there dam hasn't been modified for years and they were the one in control of the amount of water released that may have killed the fish.