To represent the movement of a piece the board is divided into rows and columns, the rows and columns are marked starting on the white square of the bottom left corner on white's side of the board (which is to be marked a1), columns are marked alphabetically from a to h while rows are marked with the numbers 1 through 8. Thus a square can be determined by stating the row and the column, thus f3 is on column f row 3.
The ablity to identify the squares we can also identify the moves of the pieces as each has their own marking. For example the marking of a knight is "N" so Nf3 would be moving the knight to the square designated as f3. Should two pieces of the same type be able to move to the same square the piece is identified by its name followed by the letter/number of the row/column it is in, for example if a player has a rook on a1 and another on c1 and they choose to move the rook on a1 to b1 the notation for the move would be Rab1 or Ra-b1.
To show pawn promotion the column the pawn is in is marked and then the piece it is promoted to is marked, so promoting a pawn on column "a" to a queen would be marked as a-Q, a knight would be marked a-N, and so on for the other pieces. If one piece takes another it is marked with an "x", for example if my queen takes a rook on a4 then the move would be marked Qxa4 for Queen takes a4.
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